LAMP

LAMP is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python
In a more general sense, can be referred to as a FOSS stack (a set of free and open-source software)
The term "FOSS stack" suggests an emphasis on combining a variety of FOSS software, rather than on the incidental first letter in the name of each piece of software
In general, the terms "LAMP" and "FOSS stack" refer to a web server that relies on software created and owned by the developer community at large

Packages

httpd - Apache web server
mysql - MySQL database server
php - PHP programming language

DBI - Perl database abstraction layer
DBD-mysql - Perl DBI driver for MySQL

MySQL-python - MySQL support for Python

Ruby/DBI - Ruby database abstraction layer
Ruby/MySQL - Ruby API for MySQL

Java-related packages

Java SE - Java Platform, Standard Edition

Tomcat - JSP and servlet container
Ant - Java-based build tool
mod_jk - connects Apache to Tomcat using AJP
MySQL Connector/J - JDBC driver for MySQL

Eclipse - IDE for Java, ...

Java WSDP - Java Web Services Developer Pack

Geronimo - Java EE server
Java EE - Java System Application Server (GlassFish)

Manual installation

Sample directories

/usr/local/apache
/usr/local/apache/modules (DSO modules)

/usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/data (databases)
/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql (libraries)
/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql-static (static libraries: *.a)
/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/socket (socket)

/usr/local/php

Java-related directories

/usr/local/java/<jdk-version>

/usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/common/lib (MySQL Connector/J)

/usr/local/eclipse

/usr/local/geronimo

Configuration files

/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf (Apache)
/etc/my.cnf (MySQL)
/usr/local/php/php.ini (PHP)

Java-related configuration files

/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml (Tomcat)
/usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml (Tomcat)
/usr/local/apache/conf/workers.properties (mod_jk)

/usr/local/geronimo/var/config/config.xml (Geronimo)