C++ Equivalents

Functions

• Static methods

Multiple inheritance

• Roughly approximated by interfaces

Constants, preprocessor variables

public final static FILE_NEW = 1;

Structures

• Objects

Typedefs

• Classes
• Interfaces

Inline Functions

• If use final keyword for a method, the compiler may expand the call if the method is below a certain size (other factors may influence it as well).

Call by reference (for simple data types)

• Wrappers
• Arrays
• Objects are always (in effect) passed by reference, only simple data types are not.

// Using an array to pass an int by reference
int[] myArray = new int[1];
myArray[0] = 50;
System.out.println(myArray[0]);

Freeing memory

myObject.finalize(); // Perform any user-defined cleanup work for the object (the garbage
                     // collector automatically calls this method anyways, before freeing
                     // the memory for the object).

System.gc(); // Forces garbage collection

System.runFinalization(); // Calls the finalize() method for all objects awaiting garbage collection.
                          // Doesn't necessarily perform garbage collection though.